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Bibliography for Greek
and Roman Hells
- Apuleius. The Golden Ass.
 Trans. by Robert Graves. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998.
- ———. The Golden Asse. Trans. by William Adlington. 1566, reprinted 1639. Online at http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1666/1666-h/1666-h.htm#link2H_4_0030.
- Aristophanes. The Peace, The Birds, The Frogs. Trans. by Benjamin Bickley Rogers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1924. Contains “The Frogs.”
Online at http://classics.mit.edu/Aristophanes/frogs.html.
- Homer. The Iliad. Trans. by Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004.
- ———. The Iliad of Homer. Ed. by Samuel Butler. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1898. In the Perseus Project at http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng2.
- Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. by Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998.
- ———. The Odyssey of Homer. Ed. by Samuel Butler. Timothy Power and Gregory Nagy. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1900. In the Perseus Project at http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng2.
- The Homeric Hymns. Trans. by Chales Boer. Second rev. ed. Irving, TX: Spring Publications, 1979. Contains “Hymn to Demeter.”
In the Perseus Project at http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg002.perseus-eng1.
- Hesiod. The Homeric Hymns and Homerica. With trans. by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Contains: “The Theogony”; “Hymn to Demeter” (“Demeter I”).
In the Perseus Project at http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1.
- Lucian. Trans. by A. H. Harmon. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1926; rpt. 1969. Contains: “Menippus.”
- Lucian of Samosata. The True History. Trans. by H. W. Fowler & F. G. Fowler. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905.
- Orphic Lamina. Giovanni Pugliese Carratelli, Le Lamine d’oro orfiche. Milan: Adelphi, 2001), 40-41 and reproduced in the descriptive materials at the Museo Archeologico Statale di Vibo Valentia.
- ———. See also Alberto Bernabé and Ana Isabel Jiménez San Cristobal, Instructions for the Netherworld: The Orphic Gold Tablets. Leiden: Brill, 2008, 9–10.
- Ovid. The Metamorphoses of Ovid. Trans. by Mary M. Innes. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1955.
- Pausanias. Description of Greece. With an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones and H.A. Ormerod. 4 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd., 1918. On Perseus Project at http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:10.28 and ff.
- Plato. Plato in Twelve Volumes. Trans. by Harold North Fowler. Intro. by W.R.M. Lamb. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd., 1966. Contains: “The Phaedo,” vol. 1 and in the Perseus Project at http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-eng1; “The Gorgias,” vol. 3 and in the Perseus Project at http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg023.perseus-eng1; “The Republic,” vol. 5 & 6 and in the Perseus Project at http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-eng1.
- Plutach. Moralia. Ed. by G. P. Goold. Trans. by Phillip H. De Lacy and Benedict Einarson. Loeb Classical Library. London: W. Heinemann; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968. Contains: “Vision of Thespaius,” vol. 7.
- ———. Trans. by Robert Waterhouse, 1992. Once online at http://qdj.50megs.com/PlutarchVision.html. No longer available.
- Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, and Frank Justus Miller, trans. Tragedies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1917.
Online at https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tragedies_of_Seneca_(1907)_Miller.
- Virgil. The Aeneid. Trans. by Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage, 1990.
- ———. Aeneid. Trans. by Theodore C. Williams. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1908, 191–95, 197–208, 211–13; 1910 edition on the Perseus Project at http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi003.perseus-eng2.
STUDIES
- Bernabé, Alberto, and Ana Isabel Jiménez San Cristóbal. Instructions for the Netherworld: The Orphic Gold Tablets. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
- Bernstein, Alan E. The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993, 19–129.
- Bremmer, Jan M. “Tours of Hell: Greek, Jewish, Roman and Early Christian” in Topographie des Jenseits: Studien zur Geschichte des Todes in Kaiserzeit und Spätanantike. Ed. Walter Ameling. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2011, pp. 13–34. Examines the Jewish-Christian influence in Greek and Roman otherworld literature through recurring motifs (catalogues of sinners, presence of guide, question-and-answer device and use of demonstrative pronouns) found in the Apocalypse of Peter, the Apocalypse of Elijah, the Apocalypse of Zephaniah, and the Apocalypse of Paul.
- ———. Initiation into the Mysteries of the Ancient World. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014. Appendix 2 (pp. 180–204) studies the sources for Virgil’s underworld in the Aeneid in the mystery cults, Hesiod and Jewish and Egyptian apocalyptic literature.
- Burns, I. F. “Cosmogony and Cosmology (Roman).” InThe Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1980, 4: 175–76.
- Casey, John. After Lives: A Guide to Heaven, Hell and Purgatory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009, 65–102.
- Edmonds, Radcliffe G. Myths of the Underworld Journey: Plato, Aristophanes, and the “Orphic” Gold Tablets New York : Cambridge University Press, 2004.
- Garland, Robert. The Greek Way of Death. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.
- Ianelli, Maria Teresa, ed. Hipponion Vibo Valentia Monsleonis. I volti della città. Reggio Calabria: Laruffa Editore, 2014.
- Janko, R. “Forgetfulness in the Golden Tablets of Memory.” The Classical Quarterly 34.1 (1984): 89–100.
- MacDonald, Ronald R. The Burial-Places of Memory: Epic Underworlds in Vergil, Dante, and Milton Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1997.
- Reid, J. S. “The State of the Dead (Greek and Roman).” In The Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1980, 11: 839–41.
- Vielberg, Meinolf. “Omnia mutantur, nihil interit? Virgil’s Katabasis and the Ideas of the Hereafter on Ovid’s Metamorphoses.” In Otherworlds and Their Relationship to This World: Early Jewish and Ancient Christian Traditions. Ed. Tobias Nicklas, Joseph Verheyden, et al. Leiden: Brill, 2010, 169–87.
Ovid’s reliance on the tradition established by Virgil, while developing further perspectives on death and the hereafter.
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